The Daily Learning Challenge #1

Today, I pledge to dedicate 30 minutes daily to expanding my knowledge on a new subject. Potential topics include:

• History
• Talmud
• crypto mechanism
• Natural phenomena
• maybe other topics

17.9: the effect of Deng Xiaoping on China (1987–1998):

Deng Xiaoping’s ascendancy began in 1978 and lasted until his passing in 1998. He introduced elements of capitalism into China’s communist system. His strategy revolved around two main pillars:

Market reforms: Utilizing the market mechanism for resource allocation.

Opening up: Engaging with the global community for learning, improvement, and trade.

In 1979, he forged diplomatic ties with the U.S. Deng’s twin transformations resulted in:

Significantly elevating the wealth of the Chinese populace — quadrupling the GDP by 1995, doubling incomes to ensure food security, and elevating China to a mid-tier economy.

Democratizing China’s governance by transitioning from a system dominated by a single leader to a committee-based approach. The selection of the Politburo members was achieved through consultations with veteran leaders.

Additionally, Deng played an instrumental role in crafting a new Chinese constitution. This introduced term limits for leadership positions, capped at two five-year terms, and enshrined freedom of religion.

Secondary consequences of Deng’s policies:

The subsequent generation of the Politburo Standing Committee was spearheaded by Jiang Zemin, followed by Hu Jintao. Their primary objective was to continue expanding China’s trade relations with other nations.

In 1984, an agreement was reached with Hong Kong stipulating its return to China in 1997. Similarly, in 1986, Portugal consented to transfer Macao back under Chinese sovereignty by 1999.